Companies or businesses face various types of risks during their lifetime. Identifying and dealing with these risks is crucial for the long-term survival of those companies. While there are some risks that may not occur often, there are some others that companies must manage continuously. Among these, financial risks are prevalent. What are Financial Risks?…
Read More Financial Risks in BusinessIn the previous installment, we presented a description of the Model Portfolio Theory and provided a concrete example in Python. We also explained the concept of an Efficient Frontier and provided a visual presentation of it. Recall that, … the efficient frontier (or portfolio frontier) is an investment portfolio which occupies the “efficient” parts of…
Read More Modern Portfolio Theory-Searching For the Optimal Portfolio-Portfolio Management in PythonThe Binomial tree is a standard method for pricing American style options. Recall that, The Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used since it is able to handle a variety of conditions for which other models cannot easily be applied. This is largely because the BOPM is based on the description of an…
Read More The Willow Tree Method, an Advanced Option Pricing ModelPreviously, we elaborated on why hedging is an important tool for risk management. We illustrated the importance of hedging with examples from the commodity, mortgage back securities, and foreign exchange markets. A recent paper [1] evaluated the hedging effectiveness of various range-based volatility estimators. Among them, we can find the commonly used GARCH model. Generalized…
Read More Hedging Market Risks Using Volatility Estimators-Are Sophisticated Methods Better?Last month, efinancialcarreeers published a post, stating that quant’s life is getting harder these days. Back in the day, a quant in finance could devise a strategy, sit back and let the money roll in while lounging about in a silk robe with a fat cigar. Such are the halcyon dreams of the contemporary quantitative…
Read More Is Quant’s Life Hard or Easy?Convertible bonds are complex, hybrid securities. In finance, a convertible bond or convertible note or convertible debt (or a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of bond that the holder can convert into a specified number of shares of common stock in the issuing company or…
Read More Convertible Bond Arbitrage Using the Volatility SurfaceModern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is a theory developed by Harry Markowitz in 1952, which later earned him a Nobel Prize in Economics. The theory states that investors can create an ideal portfolio of investments that can provide them with maximum returns while also taking an optimal amount of risk. The theory helps risk-averse investors select…
Read More Modern Portfolio Theory-The Efficient FrontierIn a previous post, we presented statistical tests for the Australia/Canada country ETF pair. Specifically, we calculated the return correlation and performed cointegration tests using a training set consisted of 8 years of data. The high correlation and the fact that the pair spread passed 2 cointegration tests made this pair a good candidate for…
Read More Trading Performance of an ETF Pair Strategy-Quantitative Trading In PythonHarry M. Markowitz is the founder of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) which originated from his 1952 essay on portfolio selection. He was later awarded a Nobel Prize in Economics. His work founded the concept of an efficient frontier, and it allows for the determination of portfolio mixes that provide an optimal return for the least…
Read More Modern Portfolio Theory-Portfolio Management in PythonPair trading, or statistical arbitrage, is one of the oldest forms of quantitative trading. In this post, we are going to present some relevant statistical tests for analyzing the Australia/Canada pair. We chose this pair because these countries’ economies are tied strongly to the commodity sector, therefore they share similar characteristics and could be a…
Read More Statistical Analysis of an ETF Pair-Quantitative Trading In Python